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          LV06-02-内核模块-08-内核模块符号导出
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">PC端开发环境</td>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">Windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu20.04.2的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 17 Pro</td>        <td align="left">17.6.0 build-24238078</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">终端软件</td>        <td align="left">MobaXterm(Professional Edition v23.0 Build 5042 (license))</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Win32DiskImager</td>        <td align="left">Win32DiskImager v1.0</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Linux开发板环境</td>        <td align="center">Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux 阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2019.04</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.19.71(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">官方网站</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td>        <td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxp.com.cn/ </a></td>        <td align="left">NXP官方网站</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxpic.org.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxpic.org.cn/</a></td><td align="left">NXP 官方社区</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a></td><td align="left">u-boot官网</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.kernel.org/" target="_blank">https://www.kernel.org/</a></td><td align="left">linux内核官网</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">NXP</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx" target="_blank">https://github.com/nxp-imx</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP imx开发资源GitHub组织，里边会有u-boot和linux内核的仓库</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/v4.19.71" target="_blank">nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/v4.19.71</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP linux内核仓库tags中的v4.19.71</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0" target="_blank">nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP u-boot仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">I.MX6ULL</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/docs/en/data-sheet/IMX6ULLIEC.pdf" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications Processors for Industrial Products</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 芯片手册（datasheet，可以在线查看）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/webapp/Download?colCode=IMX6ULLRM&lang_cd=zh" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications ProcessorReference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 参考手册（下载后才能查看，需要登录NXP官网）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">Source Code</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">linux kernel源码</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/u-boot/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/u-boot/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">uboot源码</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<p>内核模块编译生成的 ko 文件是相互独立的， 即模块之间变量或者函数在正常情况下无法进行互相访问。 而一些复杂的驱动模块需要分层进行设计， 这时候就需要用到内核模块符号导出（也可以叫符号共享）。  </p>
<h1 id="一、内核符号导出"><a href="#一、内核符号导出" class="headerlink" title="一、内核符号导出"></a><font size=3>一、内核符号导出</font></h1><h2 id="1-内核符号"><a href="#1-内核符号" class="headerlink" title="1. 内核符号"></a><font size=3>1. 内核符号</font></h2><p>内核符号指的就是在内核模块中导出函数和变量， 在加载模块时被记录在公共内核符号表中，以供其他模块调用。 这个机制，允许我们使用分层的思想解决一些复杂的模块设计。我们在编写一个驱动的时候， 可以把驱动按照功能分成几个内核模块，借助符号共享去实现模块与模块之间的接口调用，变量共享。</p>
<h2 id="2-符号导出使用的宏"><a href="#2-符号导出使用的宏" class="headerlink" title="2. 符号导出使用的宏"></a><font size=3>2. 符号导出使用的宏</font></h2><p>符号导出所使用的宏为 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)和 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sym)。   </p>
<h3 id="2-1-EXPORT-SYMBOL-sym"><a href="#2-1-EXPORT-SYMBOL-sym" class="headerlink" title="2.1 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)"></a><font size=3>2.1 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)</font></h3><p>EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)定义在<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/export.h#L123">export.h - include&#x2F;linux&#x2F;export.h - <em>EXPORT_SYMBOL</em></a>：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)					\</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">	__EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>sym 表示要导出的函数或变量名称。  </p>
<h3 id="2-2-EXPORT-SYMBOL-GPL-sym"><a href="#2-2-EXPORT-SYMBOL-GPL-sym" class="headerlink" title="2.2 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sym)"></a><font size=3>2.2 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sym)</font></h3><p>EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sym)定义在<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/export.h#L126">export.h - include&#x2F;linux&#x2F;export.h - <em>EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL</em></a>：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sym)					\</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">	__EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, <span class="string">&quot;_gpl&quot;</span>)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)和 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sym)两个宏使用方法相同， 而 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sym)导出的模块只能被 GPL 许可的模块使用， 所以绝大多数的情况都使用 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)进行符号导出。 sym表示要导出的函数或变量名称。  </p>
<h1 id="二、符号导出实例"><a href="#二、符号导出实例" class="headerlink" title="二、符号导出实例"></a><font size=3>二、符号导出实例</font></h1><h2 id="1-代码实例"><a href="#1-代码实例" class="headerlink" title="1. 代码实例"></a><font size=3>1. 代码实例</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-module-sym-math-demo-c"><a href="#1-1-module-sym-math-demo-c" class="headerlink" title="1.1 module_sym_math_demo.c"></a><font size=3>1.1 module_sym_math_demo.c</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/kernel.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/init.h&gt;</span>     <span class="comment">/* module_init module_exit */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/module.h&gt;</span>   <span class="comment">/* MODULE_LICENSE */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;./timestamp_autogenerated.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;./version_autogenerated.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> itype = <span class="number">0</span>;   <span class="comment">// 定义int类型变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">bool</span> btype = <span class="number">0</span>;  <span class="comment">// 定义bool类型变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">char</span> ctype = <span class="number">0</span>;  <span class="comment">// 定义char类型变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">char</span> *stype = <span class="number">0</span>; <span class="comment">// 定义char *类型指针变量</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">module_param(itype, <span class="type">int</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">module_param(btype, <span class="type">bool</span>, S_IRUGO);</span><br><span class="line">module_param(ctype, byte, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">module_param(stype, charp, S_IRUGO);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 模块入口函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">int</span> __init <span class="title function_">module_sym_math_demo_init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span> </span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;*** [%s:%d]Build Time: %s %s, git version:%s ***\n&quot;</span>, __FUNCTION__,</span><br><span class="line">            __LINE__, KERNEL_KO_DATE, KERNEL_KO_TIME, KERNEL_KO_VERSION);</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;module_sym_math_demo module init!\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    printk(KERN_ALERT <span class="string">&quot;itype=%d\n&quot;</span>, itype);</span><br><span class="line">    printk(KERN_ALERT <span class="string">&quot;btype=%d\n&quot;</span>, btype);</span><br><span class="line">    printk(KERN_ALERT <span class="string">&quot;ctype=%d\n&quot;</span>, ctype);</span><br><span class="line">    printk(KERN_ALERT <span class="string">&quot;stype=%s\n&quot;</span>, stype);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 模块出口函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> __exit <span class="title function_">module_sym_math_demo_exit</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	printk(<span class="string">&quot;module_sym_math_demo exit!\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 自定义加法函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">sym_math_add</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span> </span><br><span class="line">&#123; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> a + b; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 自定义减法函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">sym_math_sub</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span> </span><br><span class="line">&#123; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> a - b; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">EXPORT_SYMBOL(itype); <span class="comment">// 导出参数num</span></span><br><span class="line">EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym_math_add);</span><br><span class="line">EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym_math_sub);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">module_init(module_sym_math_demo_init); <span class="comment">// 将__init定义的函数指定为驱动的入口函数</span></span><br><span class="line">module_exit(module_sym_math_demo_exit); <span class="comment">// 将__exit定义的函数指定为驱动的出口函数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 模块信息(通过 modinfo module_sym_math_demo 查看) */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_LICENSE(<span class="string">&quot;GPL V2&quot;</span>);               <span class="comment">/* 源码的许可证协议 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_AUTHOR(<span class="string">&quot;sumu&quot;</span>);               <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块作者说明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_DESCRIPTION(<span class="string">&quot;Description&quot;</span>);   <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块功能说明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_ALIAS(<span class="string">&quot;module&#x27;s other name&quot;</span>); <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块别名 */</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在这个内核模块中，我们导出三个符号：itype、sym_math_add和sym_math_sub，第一个为变量，后面两个为函数。另外该模块可以传入四个参数。</p>
<h3 id="1-2-module-sym-demo-c"><a href="#1-2-module-sym-demo-c" class="headerlink" title="1.2 module_sym_demo.c"></a><font size=3>1.2 module_sym_demo.c</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/kernel.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/init.h&gt;</span>     <span class="comment">/* module_init module_exit */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/module.h&gt;</span>   <span class="comment">/* MODULE_LICENSE */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;./timestamp_autogenerated.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;./version_autogenerated.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">extern</span> <span class="type">int</span> itype;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">sym_math_add</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">sym_math_sub</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 模块入口函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">int</span> __init <span class="title function_">module_sym_demo_init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span> </span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;*** [%s:%d]Build Time: %s %s, git version:%s ***\n&quot;</span>, __FUNCTION__,</span><br><span class="line">            __LINE__, KERNEL_KO_DATE, KERNEL_KO_TIME, KERNEL_KO_VERSION);</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;module_sym_demo module init!\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    printk(KERN_ALERT <span class="string">&quot;itype+1=%d, itype-1=%d\n&quot;</span>, sym_math_add(itype, <span class="number">1</span>), sym_math_sub(itype, <span class="number">1</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 模块出口函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> __exit <span class="title function_">module_sym_demo_exit</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	printk(<span class="string">&quot;module_sym_demo exit!\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">module_init(module_sym_demo_init); <span class="comment">// 将__init定义的函数指定为驱动的入口函数</span></span><br><span class="line">module_exit(module_sym_demo_exit); <span class="comment">// 将__exit定义的函数指定为驱动的出口函数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 模块信息(通过 modinfo module_sym_demo 查看) */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_LICENSE(<span class="string">&quot;GPL V2&quot;</span>);               <span class="comment">/* 源码的许可证协议 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_AUTHOR(<span class="string">&quot;sumu&quot;</span>);               <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块作者说明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_DESCRIPTION(<span class="string">&quot;Description&quot;</span>);   <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块功能说明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_ALIAS(<span class="string">&quot;module&#x27;s other name&quot;</span>); <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块别名 */</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>该内核模块使用module_sym_math_demo.ko中导出的变量和符号进行运算。</p>
<h3 id="1-3-Makefile"><a href="#1-3-Makefile" class="headerlink" title="1.3 Makefile"></a><font size=3>1.3 Makefile</font></h3><figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 模块名和模块测试APP名称</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_NAME1      := module_sym_demo</span><br><span class="line">MODULE_NAME2      := module_sym_math_demo</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ARCH              ?= arm</span><br><span class="line">MAKE_PARAM        :=</span><br><span class="line">CURRENT_PATH      := <span class="variable">$(<span class="built_in">shell</span> pwd)</span></span><br><span class="line">KERNEL_KO_RELEASE  = <span class="variable">$(<span class="built_in">shell</span> git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ifeq</span> (<span class="string">&quot;$(origin V)&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;command line&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  KBUILD_VERBOSE = <span class="variable">$(V)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endif</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ifndef</span> KBUILD_VERBOSE</span><br><span class="line">  KBUILD_VERBOSE = 0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endif</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ifeq</span> (<span class="variable">$(KBUILD_VERBOSE)</span>,1)</span><br><span class="line">  quiet =</span><br><span class="line">  Q =</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">  quiet=quiet_</span><br><span class="line">  Q = @</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endif</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#=====================================================</span></span><br><span class="line">INCDIRS 		  := ./ 			   </span><br><span class="line">SRCDIRS			  := ./</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">INCLUDE			  := <span class="variable">$(<span class="built_in">patsubst</span> %, -I %, <span class="variable">$(INCDIRS)</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#=====================================================</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># NFS 共享目录</span></span><br><span class="line">TFTP_SERVER       ?= ~/3tftp</span><br><span class="line">NFS_SERVER        ?= ~/4nfs</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">TFTP_DIR          ?= <span class="variable">$(TFTP_SERVER)</span></span><br><span class="line">ROOTFS_ROOT_DIR   ?= <span class="variable">$(NFS_SERVER)</span>/imx6ull_rootfs</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#ROOTFS_MODULE_DIR ?= $(ROOTFS_ROOT_DIR)/lib/modules/4.19.71-00007-g51f3cd8ec-dirty</span></span><br><span class="line">ROOTFS_MODULE_DIR ?= <span class="variable">$(ROOTFS_ROOT_DIR)</span>/drivers_demo</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#=====================================================</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ifeq</span> (<span class="variable">$(KERNELRELEASE)</span>,)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 选择可执行文件运行的平台</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ifeq</span> (<span class="variable">$(ARCH)</span>, arm)</span><br><span class="line">KERNELDIR            ?= ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel </span><br><span class="line">MAKE_PARAM           += ARCH=arm</span><br><span class="line">MAKE_PARAM           += CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-</span><br><span class="line">CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">KERNELDIR            ?= /lib/modules/<span class="variable">$(<span class="built_in">shell</span> uname -r)</span>/build</span><br><span class="line">CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX ?=</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endif</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">CC                   := <span class="variable">$(CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX)</span>gcc</span><br><span class="line">LD                   := <span class="variable">$(CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX)</span>ld</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">include</span> Kbuild.<span class="keyword">include</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">srctree              := .</span><br><span class="line">timestamp_h          := timestamp_autogenerated.h</span><br><span class="line">version_h            := version_autogenerated.h</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> CC LD srctree</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 编译模块和测试程序</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">all: <span class="variable">$(timestamp_h)</span> <span class="variable">$(version_h)</span> modules</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">modules:</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(MAKE)</span> <span class="variable">$(MAKE_PARAM)</span> -C <span class="variable">$(KERNELDIR)</span> M=<span class="variable">$(CURRENT_PATH)</span> modules <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">modules_install:</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(MAKE)</span> <span class="variable">$(MAKE_PARAM)</span> -C <span class="variable">$(KERNELDIR)</span> M=<span class="variable">$(CURRENT_PATH)</span> modules INSTALL_MOD_PATH=<span class="variable">$(ROOTFS_MODULE_DIR)</span> modules_install</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$(timestamp_h)</span>: <span class="variable">$(srctree)</span>/Makefile FORCE</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(<span class="built_in">call</span> filechk,timestamp_autogenerated.h)</span></span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$(version_h)</span>: <span class="variable">$(srctree)</span>/Makefile FORCE</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(<span class="built_in">call</span> filechk,version_autogenerated.h)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 拷贝相关文件到nfs共享目录</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">install:</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(Q)</span>sudo cp -v *.ko <span class="variable">$(ROOTFS_MODULE_DIR)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">uninstall:</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(Q)</span>sudo rm -vf <span class="variable">$(ROOTFS_MODULE_DIR)</span>/<span class="variable">$(MODULE_NAME1)</span>.ko </span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(Q)</span>sudo rm -vf <span class="variable">$(ROOTFS_MODULE_DIR)</span>/<span class="variable">$(MODULE_NAME2)</span>.ko </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">PHONY += FORCE</span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">FORCE:</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">PHONY += clean</span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(MAKE)</span> -C <span class="variable">$(KERNELDIR)</span> M=<span class="variable">$(CURRENT_PATH)</span> clean</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(Q)</span>rm -rf <span class="variable">$(timestamp_h)</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(Q)</span>rm -rf <span class="variable">$(version_h)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: $(PHONY)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">help:</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;\033[1;32m================================ Help ================================\033[0m&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;Ubuntu may need to add sudo:&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;insmod &lt;module_name&gt;.ko   # Load module&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;rmmod &lt;module_name&gt;       # Uninstall the module&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;dmesg -C                  # Clear the kernel print information&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;lsmod                     # Check the kernel modules that have been inserted&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;dmesg                     # View information printed by the kernel&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;file &lt;module_name&gt;.ko     # View \&quot;.Ko\&quot; file information&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;make ARCH=x86_64          # x86_64 platform&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;make                      # arm platform&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;\033[1;32m======================================================================\033[0m&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">print:</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;KERNELDIR = <span class="variable">$(KERNELDIR)</span>&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;INCLUDE   = <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span>&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">CONFIG_MODULE_SIG = n</span><br><span class="line">obj-m            += <span class="variable">$(MODULE_NAME1)</span>.o</span><br><span class="line">obj-m            += <span class="variable">$(MODULE_NAME2)</span>.o</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endif</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这里我们需要编译两个驱动，所以这里需要这样写：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">obj-m            += <span class="variable">$(MODULE_NAME1)</span>.o</span><br><span class="line">obj-m            += <span class="variable">$(MODULE_NAME2)</span>.o</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="1-4-Kbuild-include"><a href="#1-4-Kbuild-include" class="headerlink" title="1.4 Kbuild.include"></a><font size=3>1.4 Kbuild.include</font></h3><figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">define</span> filechk_timestamp_autogenerated.h</span><br><span class="line">	(if test -n <span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH&#125;&quot;</span>; then \</span><br><span class="line">		SOURCE_DATE=<span class="string">&quot;@$$&#123;SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH&#125;&quot;</span>; \</span><br><span class="line">		DATE=<span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>; \</span><br><span class="line">		for date in gdate date.gnu date; do \</span><br><span class="line">			$$&#123;date&#125; -u -d <span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;SOURCE_DATE&#125;&quot;</span> &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;&amp; DATE=<span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;date&#125;&quot;</span>; \</span><br><span class="line">		done; \</span><br><span class="line">		if test -n <span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;DATE&#125;&quot;</span>; then \</span><br><span class="line">			LC_ALL=C $$&#123;DATE&#125; -u -d <span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;SOURCE_DATE&#125;&quot;</span> +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_DATE &quot;%b %d %C%y&quot;&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">			LC_ALL=C $$&#123;DATE&#125; -u -d <span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;SOURCE_DATE&#125;&quot;</span> +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_TIME &quot;%T&quot;&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">			LC_ALL=C $$&#123;DATE&#125; -u -d <span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;SOURCE_DATE&#125;&quot;</span> +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_TZ &quot;%z&quot;&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">			LC_ALL=C $$&#123;DATE&#125; -u -d <span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;SOURCE_DATE&#125;&quot;</span> +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_DMI_DATE &quot;%m/%d/%Y&quot;&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">			LC_ALL=C $$&#123;DATE&#125; -u -d <span class="string">&quot;$$&#123;SOURCE_DATE&#125;&quot;</span> +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_BUILD_DATE 0x%Y%m%d&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">else</span> \</span><br><span class="line">			return 42; \</span><br><span class="line">		fi; \</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">else</span> \</span><br><span class="line">		LC_ALL=C date +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_DATE &quot;%b %d %C%y&quot;&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">		LC_ALL=C date +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_TIME &quot;%T&quot;&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">		LC_ALL=C date +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_TZ &quot;%z&quot;&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">		LC_ALL=C date +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_DMI_DATE &quot;%m/%d/%Y&quot;&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">		LC_ALL=C date +&#x27;<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_BUILD_DATE 0x%Y%m%d&#x27;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">	fi)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endef</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">define</span> filechk_version_autogenerated.h</span><br><span class="line">	(echo \<span class="comment">#define PLAIN_VERSION \&quot;$(KERNEL_KO_RELEASE)\&quot;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">	echo \<span class="comment">#define KERNEL_KO_VERSION \&quot;\&quot; PLAIN_VERSION; \</span></span><br><span class="line">	echo \<span class="comment">#define CC_VERSION_STRING \&quot;$$(LC_ALL=C $(CC) --version | head -n 1)\&quot;; \</span></span><br><span class="line">	echo \<span class="comment">#define LD_VERSION_STRING \&quot;$$(LC_ALL=C $(LD) --version | head -n 1)\&quot;; )</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endef</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">define</span> filechk</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(Q)</span>set -e;				\</span><br><span class="line">	: &#x27;  CHK     <span class="variable">$@</span>&#x27;;		\</span><br><span class="line">	mkdir -p <span class="variable">$(<span class="built_in">dir</span> <span class="variable">$@</span>)</span>;			\</span><br><span class="line">	$(filechk_$(1)) &lt; <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> &gt; <span class="variable">$@</span>.tmp;		\</span><br><span class="line">	if [ -r <span class="variable">$@</span> ] &amp;&amp; cmp -s <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$@</span>.tmp; then	\</span><br><span class="line">		rm -f <span class="variable">$@</span>.tmp;			\</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">else</span>					\</span><br><span class="line">		: &#x27;  UPD     <span class="variable">$@</span>&#x27;;	\</span><br><span class="line">		mv -f <span class="variable">$@</span>.tmp <span class="variable">$@</span>;		\</span><br><span class="line">	fi</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endef</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个文件用于生成编译时间和git版本号。</p>
<h2 id="2-开发板测试"><a href="#2-开发板测试" class="headerlink" title="2. 开发板测试"></a><font size=3>2. 开发板测试</font></h2><p>我们编译完毕后将其放到开发板的根文件系统中。然后就可以加载了，由于module_sym_demo.ko要使用module_sym_math_demo.ko中的符号，我们需要先加载module_sym_math_demo.ko。</p>
<ul>
<li>加载驱动</li>
</ul>
<p>我们执行以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">insmod module_sym_math_demo.ko itype=123 btype=1 ctype=200 stype=abc</span><br><span class="line">insmod module_sym_demo.ko</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以看到如下输出信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-08-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA/img/image-20241125225945338.png" alt="image-20241125225945338" />

<p>若是反过来的话就会报如下错误：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-08-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA/img/image-20241125230218230.png" alt="image-20241125230218230" />

<ul>
<li>卸载驱动</li>
</ul>
<p>卸载驱动的时候，我们要先卸载使用符号的module_sym_demo.ko，再卸载提供导出符号的module_sym_math_demo.ko：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rmmod module_sym_demo.ko</span><br><span class="line">rmmod module_sym_math_demo.ko</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们会看到以下打印信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-08-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA/img/image-20241125230153963.png" alt="image-20241125230153963" />

<p>若是反过来，则会报以下错误：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-08-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA/img/image-20241125230319154.png" alt="image-20241125230319154" />

<h2 id="3-内核导出符号表"><a href="#3-内核导出符号表" class="headerlink" title="3. 内核导出符号表"></a><font size=3>3. 内核导出符号表</font></h2><p>我们在驱动中导出的符号是可以在根文件系统中直接搜索到的，内核导出的符号表在这个<code>/proc/kallsyms</code>文件中，我们可以使用cat命令查看：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cat /proc/kallsyms</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>但是这个文件含有大量的符号，我们的根文件系统支持grep命令的话我们可以配合grep命令使用：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cat /proc/kallsyms | grep itype</span><br><span class="line">cat /proc/kallsyms | grep sym_math_add</span><br><span class="line">cat /proc/kallsyms | grep sym_math_sub</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们会看到如下打印信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-08-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA/img/image-20241125230745840.png" alt="image-20241125230745840" />

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